Multiscale Investigation into the Growth Kinetics of Strontium Nitrate Crystals Based on an Ultrasound–Visual Dual-Modal Monitoring System

To address limitations in real-time 3D morphology acquisition for crystal growth kinetics, this study pioneers an ultrasound–visual dual-modal monitoring system integrating stereoscopic imaging, ultrasonic attenuation, and molecular simulation. The system achieves 37% lower edge-length error in 3D reconstruction vs 2D projection and enables real-time concentration tracking via a PCA-GA-BP neural network (R2 = 0.9998). Kinetic experiments (n = 50) demonstrate that the (200) plane grows 14.5% faster than (111) (0.544 vs 0.475 μm/min) with higher temperature sensitivity (18% enhancement at 323.15 K). Molecular simulations reveal stronger water adsorption on (111) planes (−41.26 vs −10.84 kcal/mol), while the Modified Adsorption Energy (MAE) model corrects solvent-accessible area effects: the (111) plane proportion decreases from 67.14% to 47.44%, whereas (200) increases to 52.56%, aligning with experimental habits. This integrated methodology provides cross-scale insights for inorganic salt crystallization mechanisms and industrial process optimization.