Policies for Older Citizens in Norway, Lithuania, and Poland: Comparative Perspectives on Welfare State Models

This article addresses selected issues concerning the formulation and implementation of public policies on aging both at the global and regional levels. Selected key initiatives undertaken by the World Health Organization (WHO), the United Nations (UN), and the European Union (EU) are discussed. The article further examines three distinct models of aging policy as exemplified by Norway, Lithuania, and Poland. These countries share commonalities, including very high rates of demographic aging and membership in the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). However, each nation adopts a different model of social policy, consequently reflecting diverse models of senior citizen support. The research aims to elucidate the determinants and impacts of social policies targeting a particularly vulnerable segment of the population—older adults requiring long-term services and support. Central to this investigation is the comparative analysis of general characteristics distinguishing the different national models. This was achieved through a synthesis and evaluation of selected quantitative and qualitative indicators. Methodologically, the study utilizes expert interviews, comprehensive literature reviews, secondary analyses of international and national statistical data, including data from Eurostat and OECD databases, European Commission policy documents, and an extensive review of grey literature encompassing pertinent Internet sources. Findings reveal marked differences in the design and execution of aging policies across the three countries, highlighting variations in how the welfare function of the state is operationalized in addressing the needs of the elderly.