Addressing knowledge–action gaps created by recent taxonomic and classification changes in lampreys

ABSTRACT Knowledge–action gaps (KAGs) are gaps between knowledge and the application of that knowledge, which can result in management actions that are not based on the best available science. Awareness of KAGs and ways to address them are increasing—for example, forming collaborative relationships between scientists and managers to coproduce and apply scientific knowledge and brokering this knowledge with interested parties. Here, we present a new conceptual model that integrates knowledge coproduction with knowledge brokering. We also present a new example of addressing KAGs that involves changes to the taxonomic classification for some lamprey species. Taxonomic name changes among fishes are common and can initially cause confusion; therefore, it is essential to broker this information. In our example, new information led to a reclassification of lampreys from the genus Lampetra to Occidentis and synonymized Western Brook Lamprey (formally L. richardsoni) with Western River Lamprey O. ayresii (formally L. ayresii). This information was coproduced by an international team of state, federal, and academic biologists. This collaborative approach and subsequent knowledge brokering are important because the new taxonomic classifications of lampreys are not reflected in preexisting policies and outreach materials in the state of Oregon. We highlight mechanisms for knowledge brokering and the roles that all knowledge coproducers must play in reducing KAGs.