Урбаністичні гібриди: сквот як перехідна форма між окупацією та інституалізацією мистецьких кластерів

Contemporary urban processes are increasingly shaped by informal practices of spatial appropriation, among which the squat emerges as one of the most contested phenomena. Its emergence reveals gaps in urban policy, leaving extensive areas unused yet accessible for temporary exploitation. The purpose of the article is to analyze the role of squatting as a transitional urban form positioned between spatial occupation and the institutionalization of cultural clusters. The study employs typological, comparative, and morpho-analytical research methods. Scientific novelty. In the article for the first time, a comprehensive morphological model of squatting is proposed, which includes the identification of five morphotypes of squats, each representing a distinct developmental scenario — from spontaneous occupation to partial commodification within cultural institutions. These morphotypes reflect the diversity of squatting practices and demonstrate their potential to evolve from short-term protest actions into platforms for sustainable cultural production. Additionally, an original classification of urban hybrids has been developed, placing squats and art clusters within a coordinate model defined by two parameters: the degree of institutionalization and the intensity of spatial resistance. This system enables the tracing of dynamic shifts in squats over time and the comparison of their trajectories across different urban contexts. A categorization of squats based on types of spatial transformation has also been formulated, distinguishing reversible, adaptively repurposed, transformative, semi-institutional, and radical dissent squats. This morphological perspective emphasizes the architectural logic of squatting and its capacity to reconfigure abandoned industrial, residential, or public environments. Conclusions. Squatting is defined as a transitional form of urban development that intertwines resistance with the formation of new cultural models. The identified morphotypes of squats and the two types of art clusters illustrate different trajectories of transition from informal occupation to institutionalization, with industrial clusters arising only after a prior phase of industrial squatting. The proposed typology of urban hybrids and the classification of spatial transformations make it possible to consider squats and art clusters as interconnected components of the urban ecosystem and to assess their potential within strategies for the revitalization of post-industrial territories.