Дизайн інтерфейсу на основі теорії когнітивного навантаження

Purpose of the Article. This study aims to substantiate the principles of interface design based on cognitive load theory, with a focus on balancing the reduction of excessive perceptual complexity and providing users with control capabilities in situations of uncertainty or conflicting outcomes. Research Methods. The methodological foundation is cognitive load theory, which distinguishes between intrinsic, extraneous, and germane load. The study employs comparative analysis of scientific publications, international accessibility standards (particularly WCAG 2.2), and modern software solutions oriented toward inclusive and adaptive design. Scientific Novelty. For the first time, practices for reducing cognitive load in web application interfaces are systematized from the perspective of combining extraneous load minimization with the integration of user control tools. Recommendations are proposed for designers and developers regarding the implementation of inclusive interface adaptation mechanisms, including tools based on artificial intelligence. Conclusions. Influence on intrinsic cognitive load is primarily achievable through the optimization of system messages, button texts, and hints, whereas user-generated content remains beyond the designer’s control. Excessive cognitive load can be reduced by adhering to standards for font size, line spacing, contrast, and clear visual structure. At the same time, parameters such as font choice or color scheme yield contradictory results and largely depend on users’ individual cognitive characteristics and prior experience. The optimal approach involves implementing personalization and adaptability mechanisms, allowing each user to set a comfortable level of complexity and find a balance between simplicity and functionality.