Alterations in gut microbiome and fecal metabolome in functional dyspepsia patients: insights into pathophysiological mechanisms

The FD group presented concurrent alterations in the gut microbiome and fecal metabolites. Specifically, gut microbiota-derived metabolites, such as PG and PC, may disrupt host glycerophospholipid metabolism, contributing to FD pathogenesis. Given that this is an exploratory study with a small sample size and cross-sectional design, these results require validation in larger, longitudinal cohorts and should be interpreted with caution.