Advances in PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor combinations with standard therapies for hematological malignancies

Hematological malignancies clinically encompass common subtypes including leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma, and their overall incidence has shown an increasing trend in recent years. As a type of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI), programmed death protein-1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors can prevent the immune escape of tumor cells and reactivate the body’s anti-tumor immune response. However, single-agent use is prone to issues such as drug resistance and immune-related adverse events. Therefore, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors combined with other therapeutic approaches have shown potential therapeutic value in preclinical and clinical settings. This article summarizes the current ICI combination therapies, providing a reference for the treatment of hematological malignancies.