Impact of Artisanal Refining on Soil and Human Health: A Case Study of Oyigba Community, River State, Nigeria

The Niger Delta region of Nigeria, distinguished for its ecological diversity, faces serious environmental degradation as a result of artisanal oil refining. This study evaluates the impact of these activities on soil quality, human health and environment in Oyigba community, Rivers State. Soil samples were collected using soil auger from three impacted locations. A total of 12(twelve) samples were collected with sampling depth of 0-15 cm, 15-30 cm and 30-45 cm. Parameters analyzed include pH, Lead, Cadmium, Mercury and Arsenic. A well-structured questionnaire was used to collect information on the impact of artisanal refining on health of the community. Findings shows notable soil contamination, with lead and cadmium concentration reaching 1.483 mg/kg and 0.061 mg/kg, respectively, however pH value dropped to 6.24 indicating increased acidity. Community health assessment indicates high occurrence of respiratory issues represented by 91.8%, skin irritation with 91.8%, and fatigue represented with 65.6%, associated with long-term exposure to hydrocarbon pollutants. In like manner,83.6% of the respondents reported a reduction in farmland productivity in the area, while 88.5% detected reduced crop yields. Similarly, the respondents signify that cassava with 65.6%, cocoyam with 54.1% and corn with 32.8% were the crops mostly affected by the activities, emphasizing concern on food security in that region. Majority of the respondents 75.4% perceived the overall impact of artisanal refining as negative. This study emphasized the immediate need and attention of regulatory agencies to reduce environmental and health risk linked with artisanal refining by being proactive and ensuring adequate monitoring of vulnerable communities. Policy recommendation includes the restoration of degraded lands, and a sustainable development plan to protect affected populations and restore ecological stability in the community.