Estrobolome—Its Role in Women\'s Health

The human gut microbiome comprises trillions of microorganisms that coexist with the host, significantly influencing metabolic, immune, and hormonal processes.Among these microbial communities, the estrobolome-a subset of gut microbiota genes responsible for estrogen metabolism-plays a pivotal role in women's health.Its activity affects systemic hormone levels, thereby influencing reproductive function, disease susceptibility, and overall homeostasis.This article reviews current evidence linking the estrobolome and vaginal microbiota with reproductive outcomes and systemic health.Vaginal dysbiosis, often triggered by medications, medical interventions, lifestyle, or hormonal changes, can lead to common conditions such as vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) and bacterial vaginosis (BV).These disruptions are associated with a higher risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs), infertility, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and sexually transmitted infections (STIs).Estrogen levels, mediated in part by the estrobolome, are central to shaping both gut and vaginal microbiomes throughout life, from puberty to postmenopause.While scientific evidence increasingly supports the link between microbiota imbalances and health disorders, comprehensive data on the full impact of the vaginal and gut microbiome on women's health and fertility remain limited.Probiotics and lifestyle modifications, including the use of lactobacilli-based supplements, offer promising avenues for restoring microbial balance and improving clinical outcomes.The relevance of microbiome analysis in personalized medicine continues to grow, highlighting the need for a better understanding of microbial contributions to female health.