Factors, their evolution, and interactions in the diffusion of prefabricated construction technology: a systematic review

Purpose This study aims to systematically address the fragmented understanding of the factors influencing the diffusion of prefabricated construction technology (PCT). It identifies key determinants, analyzes their interrelationships, and examines their temporal evolution by integrating theoretical insights from the Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) theory, the Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE) framework, and the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Design/methodology/approach A systematic literature review (SLR) of 90 peer-reviewed articles was conducted. The analysis combined thematic coding, time-based categorization, and cross-theoretical synthesis. Influencing factors were organized into seven clusters through iterative analysis. Findings Three temporal phases were identified: early exploration (≤2015), onsite optimization (2016–2020), and system integration (≥2021). Seven clusters emerged from the analysis: technological, economic, regulatory, market, organizational, socio-cultural, and environmental. The interrelationship analysis discovers technological and market dynamics form the engine of diffusion, organizational and economic dimensions provide internal coordination and financial feasibility, while regulatory, socio-cultural, and environmental elements shape external alignment and long-term sustainability. Originality/value This review is among the first to integrate the DOI theory, the TOE framework, and the TAM within the PCT context. This integration provides a theoretically grounded and stage-sensitive perspective on how various internal and external drivers shape the diffusion process. It also translates these theoretical insights into actionable, stage-specific strategies for stakeholders, offering a comprehensive evidence base for future research.