Bronchial asthma in pregnant women

The aim of the article — systematization and analysis of modern data to determine the best management tactics for patients suffering from bronchial asthma during pregnancy. Bronchial asthma (BA) is the most common chronic respiratory tract disease in pregnant women, occurring in 4—12% of women. In recent years, a number of studies and reviews have confirmed that uncontrolled asthma during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of obstetric and perinatal complications, including preeclampsia, preterm birth, low birth weight, and a higher incidence of respiratory diseases in early childhood. According to cohort studies, up to 48% of pregnant women with asthma experience exacerbations, most frequently during the second trimester, with a peak around the sixth month of gestation. Review articles and clinical guidelines emphasize that the benefits of continuing anti-asthma therapy substantially outweigh potential risks. Current evidence also supports the acceptability of biological agents (anti-IgE, anti-IL-5) in severe asthma, provided that risk is assessed individually and decisions are made jointly with the patient. In clinical practice, regular symptom monitoring, peak expiratory flow measurement, and the use of validated questionnaires (e.g., ACT) are recommended, as these measures help to reduce the frequency of complications and hospitalizations. Thus, timely diagnosis, multidisciplinary follow-up, and personalized therapy are key factors in the successful management of pregnancy in women with bronchial asthma.