Obesity and Its Role in Carcinogenesis: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Implications

incidence.Postmenopausal women with obesity face a 20-60% elevated risk of developing breast cancer compared to those with normal BMI. 8,9The IARC reviewed over 1,000 studies, confirming that excess adiposity is linked to cancers such as endometrial, esophageal, liver, kidney, pancreas, breast (postmenopausal), and thyroid cancers. 10For example, severe obesity can raise endometrial cancer risk up to seven times and esophageal cancer risk nearly five times.A large Spanish cohort study also linked obesity with 18 different malignancies. 11 review results Epidemiological EvidenceNumerous cohort and case-control studies support a positive correlation between obesity and increased cancer