The influence of demographic, genetic and neurodegenerative variations on biomarker profiles in a Southeast Asian community cohort

Our study indicates that Fazekas positivity influences biomarker profiles in Southeast Asians, contributing to higher levels of amyloid burden, GFAP, NfL, and pTau181, highlighting the role of vascular factors in early brain changes linked to dementia risk. Within the MCI group, vascular burden persists in influencing the profiles, suggesting a carryover of burden. The distinct biomarker profiles in Southeast Asia, compared to the Western cohorts, highlights the need for region-specific research to improve understanding and care. Singapore's unique combination of shared genetics and diverse lifestyles makes it a critical location for studying these effects.