Analytical Model for Lateral Peak Soil Resistance based on Pipe-Soil Interaction Full-Scale Test and Numerical Simulation

Pipelines, as critical infrastructure for oil and gas transportation, require precise evaluation of peak loads in displacement-prone zones to ensure operational safety. The current design guidelines for lateral peak soil resistance (ALA-2001 and PRCI-2009) are based on early analytical studies with limited simulations and physical test data. These guidelines fail to adequately account for the coupled effects of soil friction and cohesion while also overlooking asymmetric soil constraints. These limitations raise significant concerns regarding their applicability in practical engineering scenarios, necessitating the development of more accurate analytical methods. The present study combines full-scale lateral pipe-soil interaction tests with finite element modeling via the coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian approach in ABAQUS/Explicit. After validation, parametric studies were conducted to establish a comprehensive database of lateral peak soil resistances. Based on the observed resistance development patterns, the lateral peak resistance calculation equation in ALA-2001 was modified to provide a more accurate analytical model capable of better reflecting real-world pipe-soil interaction behavior. The reliability of the proposed model was confirmed through independent physical tests, demonstrating its significant value for pipeline engineering design and safety assessment.