Synergistic effects of peripheral inflammation and neuroinflammation on amyloid, vascular, and neurodegeneration markers across the Alzheimer's disease spectrum

In this 85+ population, with expected high levels of inflammation and more co-pathology; peripheral inflammation (CRP, TNFR1 and/or TNFR2) showed additive/multiplicative synergistic effects with astrogliosis resulting in less amyloid accumulation, greater vascular burden, and more neurodegeneration, particularly in Aβ+ participants. More inflammation may relate with more pathogenesis, bringing participants closer to the amyloid asymptote, slowing Aβ accumulation.