Terpenoid Derivatives from Asteraceae: A Multifactorial Path to Promising Multitarget Alzheimer's Therapy

The in silico evaluation showed satisfactory drug-like properties for the terpenoid derivatives, including potential BBB permeability and high oral bioavailability. The cytotoxicity assays indicated low toxicity, with IC₅₀ values higher than 50 µM in all cell lines. The compounds displayed effective cytoprotective effects against oxidative, inflammatory, and glutamatergic insults in CNS-relevant cell lines, emphasizing their promising potential for multitarget therapy in Alzheimer's disease. Notably, neuroprotective effects were observed in concentrations 16 times lower than cytotoxic ones, indicating a large therapeutic window. These findings suggest that the compounds could provide a solid foundation for further therapeutic development.