Climate-adaptive vertical settlement for flood-prone areas in Central Java, Indonesia

Coastal flooding in Sriwulan Village, Sayung District, Demak Regency, has intensified due to climate change effects such as sea-level rise, land subsidence, and increased extreme weather events, causing daily inundation up to one meter, disruption of livelihoods, housing damage, and environmental degradation. This study proposes a vertical village design aimed at flood mitigation, optimal land use, enhanced resilience, and maintained social connectivity, supported by essential community amenities like green open spaces, children’s play areas, and universal accessibility. The research follows a force-based design method, incorporating site criteria, resident needs, and local cultural values while applying sustainable architectural strategies that emphasize the holistic interaction of design factors. Community participation ensures alignment with daily life and priorities of Sriwulan residents. The objective is to improve living quality in flood-prone coastal areas and enable long-term climate adaptation, fostering a safer, more resilient, and sustainable future for the coastal community.