Current update on the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection – 2024-2025

This review provides an overview of the main articles published in the field of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) diagnosis over the past year, from April 2024 to June 2025. Helicobacter pylori is a bacterium linked to chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, and gastric cancer. The diagnosis covers both invasive and non-invasive diagnostic techniques, including endoscopy, histopathology, urea breath tests, stool antigen tests, and serological tests. Recent advancements include the use of artificial intelligence for personalized treatment, magnetic-guided origami robots for phototherapy, and autoencoders for histopathological image analysis. The challenges posed by antimicrobial resistance and the importance of microbiome analysis are highlighted. Consequently, emerging technologies such as biosensors, point-of-care testing, and analysis of volatile organic compounds are encouraged for exploration.