Defining proteomic subtypes to understand the heterogeneity of Parkinson's pathophysiology

Our analysis identifies potential proteomic subtypes that enhance our understanding of PD heterogeneity. The largest preserved module, enriched for cytokine interactions, along with another module highlighting novel metabolite pathways, may reveal insights into disease progression and clinical variability. Detailed characterisation of these proteomic clusters will provide a more comprehensive view of PD progression offering deeper insights into PD pathophysiology.