Efficacy of neck-specific exercises with and without internet-based support on psychological factors in chronic whiplash-associated disorders: secondary analyses of a randomized controlled trial

The internet-based format (NSEIT), involving fewer clinical visits, did not differ from the more comprehensive physiotherapist-led program (NSE) regarding psychological outcomes. Improvements in cognitive-behavioral factors and emotional distress occurred over time in both groups. The internet-based format might be suitable regardless of psychological characteristics at baseline.