Development and performance evaluation of ECal modules in China for the NICA-MPD

The Electromagnetic Calorimeter (ECal), a critical sub-detector of Multi-Purpose Detector (MPD) at Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility (NICA), is designed to identify and measure electrons, photons and neutral mesons produced in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. Its Shashlyk-type architecture combines lead absorbers and plastic scintillators in a layered geometry to optimize measurement precision. 768 ECal modules (one-third of the whole ECal) have been developed by the Chinese MPD group. The mass production process and a specially designed performance test system for quality assurance are described here. The result from cosmic ray tests demonstrates uniformity among the produced modules, confirming that the mass-produced ECal modules met the design specifications and that the quality control procedures implemented during mass production are effective. Furthermore, this paper focuses on the physical feasibility, conducting research on neutral mesons reconstruction using the ECal based on [Formula: see text] collisions at [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]GeV simulated with realistic event generator.