Occupational health, safety risks and challenges of sanitation workers in healthcare facilities in peri-urban Ghana

Despite increased attention to the risks faced by sanitation workers, those in healthcare facilities remain understudied. This study assesses the occupational health and safety risks faced by sanitation workers at Asante Mampong Government Hospital and SDA Government Hospital Agona-Asamang in peri-urban Ghana, providing empirical evidence to inform policies and interventions. A census approach was used for the study, targeting all ninety-eight (98) sanitary workers employed at the selected hospitals. Primary data was collected using a structured questionnaire. All variables were measured using closed-ended items on a five-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree), with additional categorical and open-ended items where appropriate. The questionnaire was designed to ensure consistency in measurement across all respondents. Reliability was conducted, yielding a Cronbach’s α coefficient of 0.79, indicating acceptable reliability of the data sets. Data was analysed using SPSS Version 22. The workforce was mostly male, making up 59.2%. Most workers were aged 45 to 54, accounting for 48%, and they were typically employed full-time with 4 to 6 years of experience. Approximately 90% of the sanitation workers earned between $32.85 and $65.57 per month. Workers displayed strong hazard awareness, and gender significantly influenced their perception of risks (p < 0.05). While 49% reported a decrease in ergonomic risks, 34.7% felt overwhelmed. Vaccination coverage was lacking, as 40.8% strongly disagreed that they felt protected. Overall, 77.6% posited unfair compensation. The findings call for urgent policy action to strengthen immunization programs tailored to high-risk occupational groups, while reinforcing wage policy reforms and social protection measures that recognize the essential contributions of sanitation workers. The study provides evidence for policymakers to enhance health protocols, establish fair compensation, and promote a culture of dignity for sanitation workers in healthcare facilities.