The Impact of Agricultural Input Subsidies on Women’s Participation in Small-Scale Commercial Farming in Kalambo District, Tanzania

The rise in the price of agricultural inputs during the COVID-19 pandemic has prompted a resurgence of agricultural input subsidy (AIS) programs in Tanzania. This study examines the effects of Tanzania’s AIS programs introduced in 2022 on women’s participation in small-scale commercial farming (SSCF) in Kalambo District. The study employs a qualitative research approach with a case study design. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, key-informant interviews, focus group discussions, and observations, with respondents selected using purposive and snowball sampling techniques. The study revealed that the subsidy program is highly associated with women’s participation in SSCF and increased farm productivity. Women with access to subsidized inputs are better equipped to utilize modern farming techniques, resulting in higher yields compared to those without access to these resources. The study also revealed that the high price of subsidized fertilizers, price fluctuation of agricultural commodities/crops, the limited availability of agro-dealers in many villages and wards, the delay in receiving fertilizers, and limited access to accurate and comprehensive information about agricultural input subsidies and land ownership issues are challenges limiting women’s full benefit from AISs. Based on the study’s findings, the study recommends strengthening women’s land rights through various approaches, such as joint titling and community land reform, increasing subsidy rates for vulnerable women, creating tiered support, and expanding agro-dealer networks or mobile delivery systems.