Analysis of Indoor Evacuation Plans through Fire Simulation Inside Apartments

A fire simulation was conducted using a smoke generator in a four-room apartment unit to develop indoor evacuation plans for scenarios in which egress is restricted. In the experiments, smoke detectors were installed at the average head height of adult males, and trigger alarm activation times were measured for fires originating in the kitchen, bedroom, and living room. When evacuation through the front door or to an emergency point in front of the living room was difficult during a kitchen fire, relocating to the living room or to the bathroom near the entrance increased survival time. For fires in the bedroom or living room, evacuating to the room opposite the entrance or the room adjacent to the bathroom was found to be most effective in enhancing occupant survival.