The eye–mind connection: a systematic review of retinal biomarkers and ocular signatures in major psychiatric disorders

This review emphasizes the emerging evidence for retinal biomarkers as accessible correlates of neuropsychiatric pathology. Although quantitative synthesis was not feasible, the qualitative patterns highlight the need for large-scale, prospective, and biomarker-validation studies integrating ophthalmology and psychiatry. These findings underscore the clinical potential of the brain-retina axis in mental health diagnostics.

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Publication Details

Journal
European journal of medical research
Published
2025-12-24
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-025-03664-3
Primary Topic
Schizophrenia research and treatment
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00
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article

The eye–mind connection: a systematic review of retinal biomarkers and ocular signatures in major psychiatric disorders

Seyyed Kiarash Sadat Rafiei, Sareh Saien, Melika Arab Bafrani, Seyyede Elahe Mousavikhah et al.
European journal of medical research
Schizophrenia research and treatment
article

The eye–mind connection: a systematic review of retinal biomarkers and ocular signatures in major psychiatric disorders

Seyyed Kiarash Sadat Rafiei, Sareh Saien, Melika Arab Bafrani, Seyyede Elahe Mousavikhah, Mahdi Bozorgi, Farbod khosravi, Anis Ghaffarzadeh, Mohamadreza Mohagheghi, Sanam Faizabadi, Fatemeh Hayeri Mehrizi, Raha Motamedi, Daniel Shafiei, Fatemeh Nourollahi Fomeshi, Mahsa Asadi Anar, Mohaddeseh Zeinali Ali Abadi, Shayan Yaghmayee
article en

Abstract

This review emphasizes the emerging evidence for retinal biomarkers as accessible correlates of neuropsychiatric pathology. Although quantitative synthesis was not feasible, the qualitative patterns highlight the need for large-scale, prospective, and biomarker-validation studies integrating ophthalmology and psychiatry. These findings underscore the clinical potential of the brain-retina axis in mental health diagnostics.

European journal of medical researchVol. 31(1)
Hamedan University of Medical Sciences (IR), Islamic Azad University South Tehran Branch (IR), Islamic Azad University North Tehran Branch (IR), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (IR), Kashan University of Medical Sciences (IR), Islamic Azad University of Hamedan (IR), Hamedan University of Technology (IR), Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University (TR), Semnan University of Medical Sciences (IR), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (IR), Qom University of Medical Science and Health Services (IR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IR)
Openalex Percentile: Top 34%
Schizophrenia research and treatment
DOIOpen Access PDFOpenAlex
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The eye–mind connection: a systematic review of retinal biomarkers and ocular signatures in major psychiatric disorders — Seyyed Kiarash Sadat Rafiei, Sareh Saien, et al. · European journal of medical research (2025) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS