Sickle Cell Disease: Treatment Options of the Past, Present, and Future

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited red blood cell disorder that affects an estimated 70,000 to 100,000 people in the United States, most of whom are of African descent. SCD causes acute and chronic pain and widespread end-organ damage, resulting in acute and chronic complications, high morbidity, and early death. Advances in research and treatment have improved patient outcomes for people living with SCD. Over the past 10 years, several new medications and curative therapies have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for people with SCD, and more medications are in the pipeline. This review includes historical perspectives, current treatment options, and future directions for this population. With the ongoing rapid changes in SCD care, nurses are well positioned to play a role in patient education, research, advocacy, and the implementation of these emerging therapies to advance the care of those affected by SCD.