A comprehensive review of developments and challenges in the 6G internet of things

In order to provide seamless, intelligent, and energy-efficient connectivity, the upcoming sixth generation (6G) of wireless communication seeks to combine edge intelligence, terahertz links, and artificial intelligence. In contrast to its predecessors, 6G is expected to be a network built especially to support vast Internet-of-things (IoT) ecosystems, linking billions of devices in the satellite, aerial, and terrestrial domains. This article offers a thorough analysis of 6G-IoT technologies, covering open research challenges, application scenarios, and enabling architectures. Reviewing how mobile networks have developed toward 6G, it focuses on key enabling technologies like blockchain, artificial intelligence, and reconfigurable intelligent surfaces and looks at how they can help IoT applications like remote sensing, healthcare, industrial automation, and automotive systems. Along with outlining future research directions for the realization of truly intelligent 6G-IoT networks, the paper identifies important challenges pertaining to energy efficiency, security, interoperability, and standardization.