The characterization of biobriquette production using a pressing system

This study focuses on the characterization of biobriquettes produced using starch, recycled paper, and algae binders to support Indonesia’s transition toward renewable energy. The research addresses challenges of uneven quality and limited technical capability in local biobriquette production. The research contribution is the formulation of an optimal combination of binder composition, compression load, and mold type to achieve high-quality briquettes that meet Indonesian National Standard (SNI) specifications. A 3×3 factorial experiment was conducted with three independent variables (binder proportion, compression load, and mold type) and five dependent responses (combustion time, burning rate, moisture content, ash content, and density). Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey’s test. Results showed that quadratic interactions, particularly between mold type and compression load, strongly influence combustion behavior and density. The best performance was achieved at a binder composition of 17–18%, an 8-ton compression load, and mold size between 1900–2000 cm². The research contributes to biobriquette optimization methodology through factorial design analysis, supporting sustainable energy development and efficient biomass utilization in Indonesia.Keywords: Biobriquette; Binder characterization; Biomass energy; ANOVA; Sustainable fuel