Miles with smiles: the role of e-cargo bikes in facilitating new personal and family-oriented travel and relevant beyond-utility motivations

• E-cargo bike trails are conducted, recruiting 49 households across three UK cities. • The relationship between ECB use, new travel, and relevant motivations is examined. • ECBs influence new solo and family travel and fulfil induced and latent demand. • New ECB travel is not purely derived but shaped by diverse intrinsic motivations. • New ECB travel supports economic, social, and environmental sustainability goals. E-cargo bikes (ECBs) can play a crucial role in the transition to sustainable transport. Existing research primarily focuses on ECBs in sharing schemes and urban delivery, with limited attention to domestic use. Most studies emphasize mode substitution, often overlooking motivations unique to ECBs and beyond-utility travel motivations. Critically, little is known about ECBs’ role in generating new travel demand. This study explores how ECBs generate new trips, focusing on individual and household motivations that extend beyond purely utilitarian purposes. Trials were conducted with 49 households across three cities: Leeds, Oxford, and Brighton. A mixed-methods approach was employed, emphasizing qualitative data from interviews and supplemented with quantitative insights from travel diaries. Findings indicate that ECBs enhanced accessibility, leading to increased travel distance and frequency, and enabling travelers to ‘do more.’ Their capacity to transport children and bulky items unlocked induced and latent demand, facilitating trips that otherwise would not have occurred. Beyond utility, ECBs fostered new solo and family travel shaped by a range of intrinsic motivations. They promoted well-being, offered therapeutic outdoor experiences, disrupted daily routines, and supported personal growth, freedom, and autonomy. Caregivers particularly valued ECBs for the control, spontaneity, and flexibility they provided in managing complex household schedules. Parents’ and children’s enjoyment, curiosity, and sense of adventure encouraged additional travel, transforming routine journeys into playful and memorable family experiences. New ECB travel enhanced family bonding, strengthened intra-household cohesion, and increased children’s willingness to participate in activities that might otherwise have been resisted. Households used ECBs to cultivate sustainable travel identities, model pro-environmental behaviors, and instill active mobility norms in children. The paper reframes induced demand and advances research on travel behavior and motivations. It provides valuable insights for policymakers, researchers, and societies, positioning ECBs as a distinct mode in the transition to sustainable mobility.

Authors

Institutions

Publication Details

Journal
Travel Behaviour and Society
Published
2025-12-23
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbs.2025.101217
Primary Topic
Urban Transport and Accessibility
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00
Controls
|||
ALL TIME
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
article

Miles with smiles: the role of e-cargo bikes in facilitating new personal and family-oriented travel and relevant beyond-utility motivations

Labib Azzouz, Ian Philips, Christian Brand, Noel Cass
Travel Behaviour and Society
Urban Transport and Accessibility
article

Miles with smiles: the role of e-cargo bikes in facilitating new personal and family-oriented travel and relevant beyond-utility motivations

Labib Azzouz, Ian Philips, Christian Brand, Noel Cass
article en

Abstract

• E-cargo bike trails are conducted, recruiting 49 households across three UK cities. • The relationship between ECB use, new travel, and relevant motivations is examined. • ECBs influence new solo and family travel and fulfil induced and latent demand. • New ECB travel is not purely derived but shaped by diverse intrinsic motivations. • New ECB travel supports economic, social, and environmental sustainability goals. E-cargo bikes (ECBs) can play a crucial role in the transition to sustainable transport. Existing research primarily focuses on ECBs in sharing schemes and urban delivery, with limited attention to domestic use. Most studies emphasize mode substitution, often overlooking motivations unique to ECBs and beyond-utility travel motivations. Critically, little is known about ECBs’ role in generating new travel demand. This study explores how ECBs generate new trips, focusing on individual and household motivations that extend beyond purely utilitarian purposes. Trials were conducted with 49 households across three cities: Leeds, Oxford, and Brighton. A mixed-methods approach was employed, emphasizing qualitative data from interviews and supplemented with quantitative insights from travel diaries. Findings indicate that ECBs enhanced accessibility, leading to increased travel distance and frequency, and enabling travelers to ‘do more.’ Their capacity to transport children and bulky items unlocked induced and latent demand, facilitating trips that otherwise would not have occurred. Beyond utility, ECBs fostered new solo and family travel shaped by a range of intrinsic motivations. They promoted well-being, offered therapeutic outdoor experiences, disrupted daily routines, and supported personal growth, freedom, and autonomy. Caregivers particularly valued ECBs for the control, spontaneity, and flexibility they provided in managing complex household schedules. Parents’ and children’s enjoyment, curiosity, and sense of adventure encouraged additional travel, transforming routine journeys into playful and memorable family experiences. New ECB travel enhanced family bonding, strengthened intra-household cohesion, and increased children’s willingness to participate in activities that might otherwise have been resisted. Households used ECBs to cultivate sustainable travel identities, model pro-environmental behaviors, and instill active mobility norms in children. The paper reframes induced demand and advances research on travel behavior and motivations. It provides valuable insights for policymakers, researchers, and societies, positioning ECBs as a distinct mode in the transition to sustainable mobility.

Travel Behaviour and SocietyVol. 43
University of Leeds (GB), University of Oxford (GB)
Openalex Percentile: Top 28%
Urban Transport and Accessibility
AI Navigator

Ask Laika to Summarize, Analyze, and Connect papers live on the map.

Summarize Papers & Methodologies

Extract key findings, datasets, and comparative methods across publications.

Benchmark Rankings & Visual Analytics

Rank top research institutions, authors, funders, topics, and journals by Field-Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI) and paper volume with instant charts.

Connect Distant Disciplines

Bridge topological clusters on the map to find hidden collaborative intersections.