Working with Children and Parents from a CMT Perspective: The Plan Formulation Method Across Developmental Age

The aim of this article is to show how the Plan Formulation Method (PFM), an empirically validated and clinically useful assessment procedure, can be adapted for therapy with children. According to CMT, children – like adults – enter therapy with an unconscious plan aimed at achieving developmental goals, disconfirming pathogenic beliefs, and mastering traumas. The PFM-DA provides a structured procedure to formulate this plan through five main components: the child’s goals, the obstructions preventing their achievement, the traumas underlying these obstructions, how the child tests their therapist and parents to overcome them, and the corrective experiences necessary for change. To apply the PFM to therapy with children, as with adolescents, two additional components have been added: the vicious relational circles between the child and their significant others that maintain the child’s problems, and the experiences the child needs to improve well-being. In addition, the therapeutic setting should be organized according to the child’s developmental level, ensuring that the environment and activities are appropriate to their age and mode of expression. The application of the PFM-DA will be illustrated through a clinical case.

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Publication Details

Journal
Journal of Infant Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy
Published
2025-12-23
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1080/15289168.2025.2605256
Primary Topic
Counseling, Therapy, and Family Dynamics
Type
article
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article

Working with Children and Parents from a CMT Perspective: The Plan Formulation Method Across Developmental Age

Luena Maillard, Marianna Santodoro, Valeria Crisafulli, James McCollum et al.
Journal of Infant Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy
Counseling, Therapy, and Family Dynamics
article

Working with Children and Parents from a CMT Perspective: The Plan Formulation Method Across Developmental Age

Luena Maillard, Marianna Santodoro, Valeria Crisafulli, James McCollum, Eleonora Fiorenza, Francesco Gazzillo
article en

Abstract

The aim of this article is to show how the Plan Formulation Method (PFM), an empirically validated and clinically useful assessment procedure, can be adapted for therapy with children. According to CMT, children – like adults – enter therapy with an unconscious plan aimed at achieving developmental goals, disconfirming pathogenic beliefs, and mastering traumas. The PFM-DA provides a structured procedure to formulate this plan through five main components: the child’s goals, the obstructions preventing their achievement, the traumas underlying these obstructions, how the child tests their therapist and parents to overcome them, and the corrective experiences necessary for change. To apply the PFM to therapy with children, as with adolescents, two additional components have been added: the vicious relational circles between the child and their significant others that maintain the child’s problems, and the experiences the child needs to improve well-being. In addition, the therapeutic setting should be organized according to the child’s developmental level, ensuring that the environment and activities are appropriate to their age and mode of expression. The application of the PFM-DA will be illustrated through a clinical case.

Journal of Infant Child and Adolescent PsychotherapyVol. 25(1)
Twitter (United States) (US), Centro Universitário do Espírito Santo (BR)
Openalex Percentile: Top 28%
Counseling, Therapy, and Family Dynamics
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