Anatomy education in dentistry: A Comprehensive review of learning techniques and clinical applications

Human anatomy pertaining to dentistry forms a core component of dental education, as it involves understanding the complex structures of the head, neck, and oral cavity. Conventionally, it has been taught through cadaveric dissection, bone specimens, and histology slides. A strong grasp of knowledge in head and neck anatomy is critical for clinical procedures, including extractions, implant placements, and surgeries, as well as in specialties such as orthodontics and periodontics. Due to technological advancements, the field of medical/dental education has evolved by integrating tools such as 3D virtual models, augmented reality, virtual reality, and digital platforms. These innovations allow students to interact with anatomical structures, enhancing their understanding of craniofacial anatomy and improving spatial comprehension. Digital resources support self-directed learning and reinforce knowledge retention, while maintaining the importance of hands-on cadaveric dissection for reinforcing tissue structure and spatial relationships. The future of dental anatomy education lies in combining traditional methods with digital tools, creating more interactive and dynamic learning environments to equip students with the skills necessary for modern dental practice. By embracing both approaches, dental education can enhance student learning, ensuring dental professionals are well-prepared to provide high-quality care and improve patient outcomes. In this comprehensive review, we explore the evolution of anatomy education, its role in dental curriculum, and highlight the importance of detailed anatomical knowledge as the foundation of medical/dental practice, along with modern advancements, make learning more interactive and engaging.