Multi-Analytical Insight into the Non-Volatile Phytochemical Composition of Coleus aromaticus (Roxb.) Benth.

<b>Background/Objectives:</b><i>Coleus aromaticus</i> (Lamiaceae), also known as Cuban oregano or Indian borage, is a semi-succulent perennial species widely used in traditional medicine for its therapeutic and nutritional properties. While its essential oils and aromatic fraction have been extensively investigated, the characterization of its non-volatile metabolites remains limited. The aim of this study was to explore the chemical composition of fresh leaves with a focus on the non-volatile fraction. <b>Methods:</b> Fresh leaves of <i>C. aromaticus</i> were cryogenically treated with liquid nitrogen, ground, and subjected to three different extraction procedures: hydroalcoholic maceration, ethyl acetate maceration, and liquid-liquid partitioning to obtain a dichloromethane organic phase and a hydroalcoholic phase. Extracts and fractions were analyzed by HPTLC and HPLC for metabolic profiling. In addition, the Bligh-Dyer method was applied to separate polar and non-polar metabolites, which were subsequently characterized using NMR spectroscopy. <b>Results:</b> Chromatographic analyses highlighted the occurrence and distribution of organic acids, polyphenols (notably flavonoids), and proteinogenic amino acids. Spectroscopic data confirmed the presence of diverse polar and non-polar metabolites, providing a more detailed chemical fingerprint of <i>C. aromaticus</i>. This integrated approach broadened the phytochemical profile of the species beyond the well-documented essential oils. <b>Conclusions:</b> The results contribute to a better understanding of the non-volatile metabolites of <i>C. aromaticus</i>, offering novel insights into its chemical diversity. These findings highlight the potential of this plant as a valuable source of bioactive compounds, supporting its future application in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical research.