Perspectives of Latinas Regarding the Influence of Socio-Cultural Factors on HIV Prevention

Despite promising declines in new HIV diagnoses, Latinas continue to experience elevated rates of HIV in the United States. Their increased risk of HIV infection is influenced by socio-cultural factors that hinder effective prevention efforts. The objective of this study was to elicit the perspectives of Latinas about the influence of socio-cultural factors on HIV prevention. A qualitative description method was conducted with 33 women who participated in focus groups in South Florida. A conventional content analysis was used, with coding categories derived directly from the participants' narratives. Analysis yielded three categories related to socio-cultural factors that influence HIV transmission: (1) <i>Marianismo</i>, (2) <i>Machismo</i>, and (3) <i>Familismo</i>. The findings revealed power imbalances in Latinas' intimate relationships, shaped by these three socio-cultural factors that continue to influence sexual health behaviors and increase HIV risk. The findings also revealed that while power imbalances exist, Latinas also exercise autonomy, support their families, or find alternative ways to access prevention resources. These behaviors reflect ongoing sociocultural influences that shape decision-making and health engagement. It is therefore critical to consider these evolving dynamics when developing HIV prevention interventions that are responsive to the unique socio-cultural contexts affecting Latinas.