Anatomical characterization of sternoclavicular joint and correlation of arthroscopic portals and structures at risk: a cadaveric study on Colombian specimen

The posterior capsule provides a reliable anatomical safety margin between the SCJ and vital mediastinal structures. During SCJ arthroscopy, referencing the anterior sternoclavicular ligament and maintaining a minimum 5.1 cm safety margin posteriorly can minimize the risk of catastrophic injury. These findings support safer surgical planning and highlight the importance of precise portal placement.