A Network Meta-Analysis of Pharmacological Treatments for Gastric Mucosal Protection in Artificial Ulcers following Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection of the Stomach

PPI-based combinations likely accelerate healing versus PPI alone, but conclusions are hypothesis generating given indirect evidence and regional concentration of trials. Combination therapy outperforms PPI monotherapy. BMG + PPI is optimal for early ulcer healing, EB + PPI for long-term healing, HT + PPI for diameter reduction, and TN + PPI for bleeding prevention. Stratified regimens by ulcer characteristics are recommended.