Multifunctional laminarin-chitosan composites loaded with bromelain nanoflowers: a biohybrid design approach

• Soft chitosan–laminarin sponges were modified with bromelain and Mannich base. • Enzymatic and contact-active antibacterial effects acted synergistically. • Antibacterial activity increased more than twofold compared to the control. • The material enhanced fibroblast migration and showed wound healing potential. • A multifunctional biohybrid was developed for advanced biomedical applications. Designing multifunctional biopolymer-based composites that merge structural integrity with biological performance is a growing focus in materials engineering. Here, chitosan–laminarin sponges crosslinked with dialdehyde laminarin were developed and functionalized with bromelain nanoflowers (BNFs) and a Mannich base (MB). The obtained composites exhibited a porosity of 71.6 ± 0.5 %, swelling ratio of 425 ± 15 %, and tensile strength of 7.9 ± 0.2 MPa. They demonstrated excellent biological safety, with fibroblast viability above 95 % after 72 h and neligible hemolysis. The CS–Lam@BNF/MB sponges displayed pronounced antioxidant activity (DPPH scavenging of 87.4 ± 2.1 %) and strong anti-inflammatory potential (inhibition of protein denaturation up to 83.6 ± 3.4 %). Moreover, the antibacterial activity led to a 97 % reduction in S. aureus (MRSA) and a 93 % reduction in P. aeruginosa viability, respectively, while antifungal inhibition against C. albicans reached 88 %. The scratch assay confirmed that the CS–Lam@BNF/MB sponge enhanced fibroblast migration in vitro , compared to non-functionalized CS-Lam. These findings suggest that the developed biohybrid composites represent promising polysaccharide-based materials with multifunctional properties, potentially suitable for future biomedical or protective applications.