ScRNA profiling of peripheral blood in kidney transplant recipients across rejection responses and treatments

Studies have reported diverse functions of immune cells in response against the transplanted kidney, highlighting their significant roles in immunosuppressive response. Peripheral blood analyses showed differences in immune cell composition between kidney transplant recipients and healthy donors, however, the differences in peripheral blood immune landscape between patients with different rejection types and treatment phases remain unclear. Here, we present a single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) dataset of peripheral blood cells derived from five participants after kidney transplantation. The dataset comprises 98,595 quality-control passed cells along with clinical metadata, enabling a comparative analysis of immune cell populations before and after immunosuppression treatment as well as between different rejection types. We preliminarily identified major cell types including immune and non-immune cells, and further annotated the immune cell subsets. This transcriptomic data will serve as a resource to explore new cellular biomarkers and microenvironmental changes in peripheral blood of kidney recipients with different reaction types, and to deepen our insights into the role of immunosuppression treatment on graft rejection.