Pediatric Chronic Monteggia Fractures: Insights From a Comprehensive Review

Monteggia fractures represent relatively infrequent injuries in the pediatric population, accounting for approximately 2% of all forearm fractures. However, the rate of missed diagnoses ranges from 30% to 50%, leading to the development of chronic Monteggia fractures in children. Chronic Monteggia fractures frequently result in elbow deformities and functional limitations, significantly impacting the patients' quality of life. The classification systems and treatment approaches for this condition are complex, and therapeutic strategies remain a subject of considerable debate. This review comprehensively examines the definition, incidence, etiology, classification, pathophysiological characteristics, diagnosis, treatment strategies, and prognosis of chronic Monteggia fractures in children. The aim of this study is to provide a reference for further research into the management of this challenging pediatric orthopedic condition.