Post-infectious Guillain–Barré syndrome during a cholera outbreak in Yemen: A pediatric case with confirmed Campylobacter exposure

Yemen's prolonged conflict and fragile healthcare infrastructure have created a setting where infectious diseases like cholera frequently overlap with under-recognized post-infectious autoimmune conditions. In this context, we report a pediatric case of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) following recent Campylobacter jejuni infection during a laboratory-confirmed cholera outbreak in rural Southern Yemen. The 12-year-old patient presented with acute flaccid paralysis and respiratory failure after a diarrheal illness consistent with cholera. Nerve conduction studies supported the GBS diagnosis, and advanced serological testing confirmed prior C. jejuni exposure with strong anti-GD1b IgG positivity. The case underscores the role of molecular mimicry in GBS pathogenesis, diagnostic challenges in low-resource settings, and the importance of international collaboration in confirming immune-mediated neurological diseases during simultaneous epidemics.