Understanding behaviour in children under 5: What's typical, what's concerning and how to help

Behaviour in children under 5 offers valuable insight into development and family wellbeing. To support children effectively, practitioners must understand the developmental stages that shape early emotional and behavioural expression, and recognise behaviour as a key form of communication. This article explores common challenges such as tantrums, biting, sibling rivalry, clinginess and sensitivity, showing how these often reflect typical development. Practical strategies are described, including modelling positive behaviour, maintaining consistent boundaries, supporting emotional regulation, and using play to build secure relationships. Case examples have been incorporated to illustrate how the understanding of child development can reduce parental anxiety and strengthen resilience. The article also identifies when behaviour may indicate underlying developmental differences, neurodiversity or safeguarding concerns, and it outlines appropriate assessment and referral pathways. Early intervention and the presence of trusted adult relationships are highlighted as some of the critical protective factors, supporting both immediate family functioning and longer-term outcomes for children.