Isolated left ventricular apical hypoplasia: a case report

Left ventricular apical hypoplasia is characterized by (i) a truncated, spherical, and impaired left ventricle (LV) with bulging of the interventricular septum towards the right ventricle (RV), (ii) fatty material in the apical region of the LV, (iii) abnormalities in the papillary muscles and trabecular structures, and (iv) elongation of the RV wrapping around the underdeveloped LV. Limited data is available on this condition, with only a few reported cases. Currently, no definitive guidelines exist, and management is tailored to the patient's specific presentation, including treating heart failure and any arrhythmias that may arise. While the aetiology of this condition remains poorly understood, it is crucial to recognize it to prevent misdiagnosis and to encourage further research into its management.