Analysis of Safety Characteristics of Hydraulic Supports for Roadway Impact Prevention Based on Energy-Absorbing Components

Rock burst is one of the most typical dynamic disasters in the process of coal mining. Energy-absorbing components are key to anti-impact equipment. Exploring the mutual feedback relationship between energy-absorbing components and columns for the prevention and control of roadway rock burst is of great significance. In this study, an arc-shaped energy-absorbing component was designed, and its energy-absorbing characteristics were analyzed. The finite element analysis results of the arc-shaped energy-absorbing component were verified via the crushing test machine. The energy-absorption effect of pre-folded, diameter-expanded, eversion, and arc energy-absorbing columns under impact is compared horizontally. The results show that the supporting force is stable during the crushing deformation of the arc-shaped energy-absorbing component, and the average supporting force measured in the test is 1145.35 kN. Compared with the other three energy-absorbing columns, the arc-shaped energy-absorbing column has a lower emulsion pressure peak and the maximum pressure fluctuation amplitude during the impact process; it also has a better deceleration effect on the quality mass. During the impact process, the influence of the arc-shaped energy-absorbing component on the liquid impact in the column is summarized into three stages, namely approximate elasticity, flexible yield energy-absorbing, and approximate rigidity, which can achieve the peak clipping effect on the liquid impact and improve the impact resistance of the column.