Advancements in Genetic Transformation of Grapevine (Vitis spp.)

Traditional methods for grapevine (Vitis spp.) breeding are marked by lengthy breeding cycles with usually low efficiency, rendering them inadequate for the demands of the rapidly evolving grapevine industry. While grapevine genetic transformation holds significant potential for improvement, its application is hampered by bottlenecks in efficiency, speed, and genotype dependence. In this context, this review systematically examines the factors influencing and challenges associated with key steps in grapevine genetic transformation—specifically, gene delivery and plant regeneration. It posits that the development and application of marker genes, the exploration and utilization of developmental regulators, and the establishment of novel genetic transformation systems are effective strategies to overcome current limitations. In this paper, we present a foundation and methodological guidance for creating efficient and stable genetic transformation systems for grapevine, with significant theoretical and practical implications.