Renewable energy, green technology, and natural resource rents in GCC emission mitigation

This study examines the impact of renewable energy (RNEW-ENERGY), green technology, and natural resource rents on carbon emissions in GCC countries. Data was collected from the World Bank development indicators (WDI) and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Using multiple standardized and dynamic regression models, the study finds that renewable energy, environmental innovations, and climate adaptation technologies contribute significantly to the reduction of CO2 emissions. Conversely, natural resources rent is found to have a positive and significant influence on CO2 emissions, implying that excessive extraction and utilization of resources such as fossil oil, charcoal, and natural gas increase the magnitude of carbon dioxide emissions, which affects environmental sustainability. The findings supported the objective of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, especially SDGs 11, 13, and 15. These findings suggest that the GCC government should develop a policy to accelerate investment in renewable energy infrastructure and technologies across both the private and public sectors. Governments should also support and facilitate research and development, particularly those that include knowledge transfer and climate-resilient technologies.