The Therapeutic and Physiological Effects of Citrus Peel Extraction on <i>Helicobacter Pylori</i> Bacteria

The antibiotic resistance has emerged as a growing international concern affecting not only human health but also the environment, animal population, and global economy. The increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance poses a serious and escalating threat to public health. This problem is further exacerbated by the limited development of new antibiotic, high production costs, and risks about its side effects. Identifying novel antibiotic agents is crucial for managing fungal and bacterial infection. Consequently, numerous natural compound have been investigated as potential alternative therapies. Plant extracts are valuable source of bioactive compounds and represent a promising strategy to control pathogenic microorganisms. Furthermore, certain bioactive compounds exhibit synergistic effects when it mixed with antibiotics or antifungal agents, offering a viable alternative therapeutic approach against antibiotic resistance. Nevertheless, fruits as citrus are known to contain at least hundred various types of bioactive compounds (polyphenols, essential oil, quercetin, vitamin C, folic acid, limonoids, narngingin and synephrines) with its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antimicrobial properties that could help to eradicate numerous of infectious disease. Polyphenols in citrus have synergism effect with microbiota by reach the large intestine and contribute with gastrointestinal health, through maintaining the balance of metabolism and stop proliferation of the bacteria. On other side, essential oil inhibits the urease that urgent for colonization of this microorganism and prevents it from adhesion to gastric mucosa and considered main defense against h pylori. Therefore, alternative therapies approach are required to combat antibiotic resistant pathogens, particularly in case of H. pylori infection which is well known for its broad resistance to wide range of antibiotics thus, continuous evaluation of dietary intervention remains essential. The aim of this review article are to reporting the biological and pharmacological properties of bioactive component derivative from plant and focuses on using these substances against Helicobacter pylori infection, as well as their potential role in enhancing gut microbiota and promoting metabolic health in human.