Risk and Protective Factors Associated With Susceptibility to Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems Initiation in Adolescence

Research consistently identifies cognitive susceptibility-defined as intentions and willingness to use ENDS-as a powerful predictor of ENDS initiation in adolescence. Less is known about specific risk factors that heighten nicotine-naïve adolescents' willingness to vape nicotine or protective factors that may deter their intentions to initiate ENDS use. To address this gap, the present study leveraged longitudinal data to identify key adolescent and family risk factors that are associated with youth susceptibility to ENDS initiation.