Robust Semi-Supervised Feature Selection With Multi-Granularity Zentropy Modeling

High-dimensional and weakly supervised (HiDWS) data present significant challenges for traditional machine learning and pattern recognition. Although semi-supervised feature selection has shown effectiveness in improving the quality of HiDWS data, existing methods remain sensitive and lack robustness due to the unreliability of unlabeled data learning and the uncertainty in modeling processes. Hence, this study focuses on a multi-granularity zentropy modeling (Ze-MGM) framework with model-agnostic for highly-accuracy and robust semi-supervised feature selection. Unlike existing methods, Ze-MGM does not rely on specific settings such as rough or fuzzy set assumptions and can effectively capture the granularity of information under high-dimensional and weakly supervised data scenarios. Specifically, we first introduce a strategic soft label ($S2-$S2-Label) learning method that integrates object proximity and classification certainty to reduce uncertainty between features and labels. This method also enables the selection of compatible instances, thereby mitigating the negative impact of incompatible objects on label learning. Subsequently, a multi-granularity knowledge space and zentropy uncertainty measure are constructed by analyzing the hierarchical relationships among labels, decisions, and specific classes, which enables accurate multi-granularity knowledge representation and multi-granularity uncertainty characterization in HiDWS data modeling processing. Finally, two multi-granularity significance measures based on multi-granularity uncertainty are defined for feature evaluation and selection via a semi-supervised paradigm. Extensive experiments on multiple benchmark datasets demonstrate that the proposed Ze-MGM method achieves superior generalization performance and robustness compared to state-of-the-art methods.