Loss mechanisms and quantitative prediction of high-temperature superconducting magnetic bearings in rotating state

High-temperature superconducting magnetic bearings enable low-loss, non-contact support for high-speed flywheels, yet their dynamic loss mechanisms under combined high speed and heavy load remain unclear. We present an H-formulation-based, fully coupled axisymmetric model that monolithically solves Maxwell’s equations, a nonlinear E–J power law and heat conduction while imposing rotor excitation via a rotation-matrix boundary condition, eliminating moving-mesh distortion and closing the “alternating field → losses → temperature rise → Jc drop → force decay” loop. At 3 000 r/min the bulk temperature rises 0.64 K and the electromagnetic force falls 9.97 %, validating the model as a ready-to-use design tool for loss suppression and performance optimisation of flywheel HTS bearings.