ADOPTION OF e-PROCUREMENT STRATEGIES FOR PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: SCOPING REVIEW OF THE TRANSITION FROM INDUSTRY 3.0 TO 4.0

Abstract This scope review examines the adoption of electronic procurement (eProcurement) strategies in public infrastructure projects across developing countries, positioning the discussion within the broader technological transition from Industry 3.0 to Industry 4.0. Drawing on 39 published literature, international guidance, and illustrative case studies, the paper synthesizes the benefits of eProcurement—efficiency, transparency, accountability, cost savings, and competition—while detailing persistent adoption barriers categorized as technological, organizational, and governmental. Case analyses (Indian Railways and Rwanda’s UMUCYO) demonstrate the roles of leadership, legal frameworks, capacity-building, and stakeholder engagement. The review advances a thematic framework for implementation (sourcing; evaluation and award; contract administration; transparency; continuous improvement) and outlines policy and practical recommendations for aligning eProcurement with international standards (OECD MAPS, MDB guidance), integrating advanced technologies (AI, blockchain, smart contracts), and building institutional capabilities requisite for Industry 4.0-enabled procurement. Implications for the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) sector, limitations, and future research pathways are discussed.