Specific habitat characterization of larval mosquitoes and adult mosquito densities (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Kalideres subdistrict, West Jakarta, Indonesia

Mosquitoes are key insect vectors responsible for transmitting various diseases. Belonging to the order Diptera, their reproductive cycle requires three types of habitats, namely, breeding, feeding (biting), and resting sites. Data from 2015–2016 showed mosquito-borne diseases occurred in all regions/municipalities in Special Capital Region of Jakarta (DKI Jakarta), with the highest incidence recorded in 2017 in West Jakarta, specifically in the Kalideres subdistrict. Characterizing larval habitats and analyzing mosquito density are essential for understanding disease transmission risk. This study used descriptive analysis to determine the specific habitat characteristics and mosquito density in the Man Hour Density formula for environmental factors such as pH, temperature, salinity, light intensity, water flow (water status), air temperature, wind speed, and humidity in the Kalideres subdistrict, West Jakarta, via RAW data from the Rikhus Vektora survey in 2018 (latest data from Indonesian research). The specific habitats suitable for each mosquito genus (Aedes, Anopheles, Culex, and Mansonia) vary according to environmental factors and nutrient sources, significantly influencing larval and adult stages. The adult mosquito density observed in the Kalideres Subdistrict showed Culex sp. as the most dominant (397.07 MHD), followed by Mansonia sp. (1.00 MHD), Anopheles sp. (0.83 MHD), and Aedes sp. (0.25 MHD). The results indicate that urban environments provide favorable conditions for multiple vector genera, with habitat type and environmental factors influencing mosquito distribution. This study highlights the importance of integrating larval habitat management with adult mosquito surveillance to develop targeted and effective vector control strategies in densely populated urban settings.